The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the liquid changes into vapour. It is an important property of a liquid. A liquid is stable in low temperature and high pressure conditions. When cooled, it becomes a solid. This transition is called a phase change. In order to determine the boiling point of a substance, one must consider the intermolecular forces that influence it.
A strong intermolecular force of attraction between molecules is what affects the boiling point. This force requires a lot of heat energy to break the bond. Therefore, the boiling point of a substance increases as the strength of the ionic attraction increases. NaCI has a higher boiling point than NaF. However, the intermolecular forces between NaCI and MgO are weaker than those between NAF and MgO.
The melting and boiling points of a substance are also affected by the ionic attraction between molecules. For example, a strong ionic attraction between the molecules of silicon dioxide and oxygen results in a very high melting and boiling point. On the other hand, a weaker ionic attraction between the molecules of MgO and MgCl2 results in a lower melting and boiling point. Both substances have different atomic numbers, though. Higher atomic numbers mean more electrons in the outermost shell. These electrons make the molecule less reactive and therefore more stable at higher temperatures. Moreover, the structure of the molecule is different.
If you want to find the boiling point of a particular substance, you should first determine its atomic number. Then, look at its ionic radius and its covalent bond energies. Generally, the closer the ions are, the higher the lattice energy.
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