Bulletproof Material Development
William, the president of the United States. McEnley was shot to death, and many began looking for bulletproof techniques.
The first bulletproof vests were developed during World War I. The main technique was to place steel plates into natural fiber fabrics. The different bulletproof vests have been criticized for being too heavy and not having a good bulletproof effect.
British engineers first created a bulletproof vest using three high-manganese plates. The bulletproof vest came soon after by the United States, which used high-strength nylon and aluminum alloy. While these two types of bulletproof vests are much stronger and harder than the ones of the past, the weight issue is still a problem.
DuPont invented a synthetic fiber, “Kevlar”, in 1970. Since then the bulletproof vest has seen a major transformation. Kevlar has 1.6 times the shrapnel power of nylon and two times more steel. This is because it solves completely the problem with bulletproof vests.
Today, bulletproof technology is advancing at an incredible pace. There are always new bulletproof materials being created. There are many materials that can be used to protect bulletproof technology, including metals (special steel, aluminum, titanium alloy), ceramic sheet, corundum,boron carbide and silicon carbide), fiber, nylon, Kevlar as well as liquid protective material, composite protective structural materials, and ultra-high molecularweight polyethylene fibre. Bulletproof materials not only can be used to create bulletproof vests but they also have a wide range of applications in aircraft warships and armored fighting vehicle systems as well as civil and military special vehicles.
Ceramic bulletproof materials
Ceramic materials are more durable than traditional metal materials and have higher hardness, low density, and strength.
One-phase bulletproof ceramic
Bulletproof ceramics have been rapidly developing since the 21st-century.
1. Alumina ceramics
Alumina ceramic, an ion bond material, has high chemical bond force, high melt point (2050), excellent oxidation resistance, chemical inertia and good oxidation resistance. Sintered products are smooth, small and affordable. This makes it a popular choice for armored vehicles, military bulletproof clothing and other applications. Al2O3’s low performance in ballistics is due to its high density and low fracture toughness.
2. Boron carbide ceramics
Boron carbide has strong covalent bonds, as it is stronger than diamond or cubic boron. The high melting points and exceptional hardness of B4C (3545GPa) make this material second to diamond. In addition, the materials have excellent mechanical properties and are highly wear-resistant. B4C ceramics are the first choice in materials for space and military armor because of its low density. B4C ceramics have a high price, about 10 times higher than alumina, and high brittleness. This limits their use as single-phase protective armour.
3. Silicon carbide ceramics
This covalent bond of silicon carbide is very strong, and it can still bond at high temperatures with high strength. This structural feature provides silicon carbide ceramics with excellent strength, high hardness and wear resistance as well as corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, thermal shock resistance, heat resistance, high temperature resistance, and high durability. Silicon carbide ceramic has a low price, high performance and excellent cost-to-performance ratio.
Multiphase bulletproof clay
While single-phase ceramics may be bulletproof due to their unique properties, they are also susceptible to fracture and high brittleness. The strengthening and toughening for bulletproof ceramics is a popular research area. There are many methods for strengthening and toughening ceramics. These include functionally graded ceramics (multicomponent), lamellar design, and functionally graded ceramics.
Medvedovs ki studied silicon carbide matrix compounds such as SiC–Si3N4–Al2O3, SiC–Si3N4–Al2O3, SiC–Si–Al2O3, SiC–Si3N4–Al2O3, SiC–Si3N4–Al2O3, SiSi–Al2O3, and SiC–Si3N4–Si2O3 and prepared them using pressureless sintering sintering. They have higher physical properties than single-material systems in terms of hardness and energy absorption. Composite ceramics made from SiC-based composite ceramics with a high protection coefficient can achieve grades 3 and 4. Both SiC-Si3N4 -Al2O3 prepared SiC-Si3N4 -Reaction Sintered SiC have high multi-impact resistence.
Transparent clay
Modern warfare requires armored systems to meet increasingly high requirements. They must not only achieve omni-directional defense but also allow soldiers to move freely. The use of the bait trigger to disable the active armor of any incoming weapon has been a key advantage in combat. The use of transparent ceramics, such as magnesia and alumina spinel (MgAl2O4) has been used for armor protection. This can protect the human body while also allowing the ability to observe the situation.
Price
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